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Skirmish of the Berlin Schloss
The Skirmish of the Berlin Schloss (German: ''Weihnachtskämpfe'' or ''Weihnachtsaufstand'') was a small skirmish between the socialist revolutionary ''Volksmarinedivision'' and regular German army units on 24 December 1918 during the German Revolution of 1918–19. It took place around the ''Berlin Schloss'' also known as "Stadtschloss" in the centre of Berlin, Germany.
Around 70 people were killed and the event marked the point at which the hitherto largely bloodless revolution turned more violent. The fighting was the immediate cause for the more radical members to leave the revolutionary government and caused resentment among the workers against the Social Democratic government of Friedrich Ebert. This set the scene for the much larger-scale violence of January 1919, known as the Spartacist Uprising. Since the revolutionary sailors defeated the regular army force sent against them, the engagement was also an important episode in the rise of the right-wing ''Freikorps'' on which the government increasingly relied.
==Background==
(詳細はOtto Wels, the military commander of Berlin. Numbering more than 3,000 at peak the division was considered the elite force of the revolution. After the ''Berliner Stadtschloss'', the former city residence of the Hohenzollern family and Emperor Wilhelm II had been plundered, the division was based there on 15 November. The division staff moved into the Schloss, the troops were billeted in the Marstall. Their task was to guard the government quarter. Politically, the division was close to the radical left, the Independent Social Democrats of the USPD and the "Spartacists".
However, having been the backbone of the revolution, over the next four weeks the unit found itself in a significantly different position. It is unclear whether this was due to the fact that it failed to cooperate with the military putsch planned for 6 December and had deposed its commander who was a part of it. Or whether the division was an obstacle to Quartermaster General Wilhelm Groener's plan to restore law and order to Berlin. From the middle of December, Wels seemed to be working towards the dissolution of the unit. There were complaints about art treasures having been stolen from the palace. The temporary government of the ''Rat der Volksbeauftragten'' (Council of People's Deputies) now ordered the division to move to new quarters outside of Berlin and to reduce the number of soldiers to 600 from the current level of around 1,000.〔 To force them to comply, Wels held back their pay. During the week before Christmas the division and Wels negotiated in the ''Kommandantur'', but failed to resolve the situation.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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